On 31 August 2017, the European Commission announced that, as of 1 September 2017, new car models must pass a set of new and allegedly more reliable emissions tests before they can be released on European roads. Automobiles will be tested in real driving conditions under the Commission’s Real Driving Emissions (“RDE”) procedure, which compliments the now improved World Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (“WLTP”) laboratory test. More
